What you should know about cannabis and depression

Understanding Depression: Depression can be profoundly debilitating, affecting every aspect of a person’s life.

This widespread yet serious mood disorder manifests in a variety of ways, from persistent sadness and a lack of motivation to an overwhelming sense that life lacks meaning.

Approximately three out of every one hundred individuals in the country experience depression weekly. When combined with anxiety disorders, this figure increases to eight out of one hundred.

Table of Contents

• Understanding Depression
• Traditional Treatments for Depression
• The Complex Relationship Between Cannabis and Depression
  • Scientific Findings on Cannabis and Depression
• Understanding Cannabis Strains and Their Role in Treating Depression
  • THC and Depression
  • CBD and Depression
  • The Role of Terpenes in Depression Relief
• Benefits of Medical Cannabis for Depression
• Potential Risks and Considerations
• Conclusion

 

It is important to distinguish between temporary feelings of sadness and clinical depression. While feelings of stress, anxiety, and melancholy are natural parts of life, warning signs of clinical depression include:

• A consistent lack of interest in activities once enjoyed
• Persistent sadness
• Disrupted sleep patterns

Many individuals delay seeking help for months or even years, but early intervention is key. Consulting a doctor as soon as possible can greatly improve treatment outcomes.

Related: Managing depression: How cannabis transformed my life

Traditional Treatments for Depression

Depression is treated using various methods, including:

• Antidepressant medications
• Physical exercise
• Psychotherapy and counselling
• Watchful waiting (for mild cases)

However, in recent years, the medical field has been exploring alternative treatments, particularly the potential of medical cannabis in managing depression. The relationship between cannabis and depression is complex, and scientific research is actively investigating its potential benefits and risks.

The Complex Relationship Between Cannabis and Depression

There is a growing body of evidence linking cannabis and depression, but this association raises both questions and potential solutions.

One well-documented observation is that individuals with depression are nearly twice as likely to use cannabis. However, this has led to two contrasting claims:

1. Cannabis may contribute to depression.
2. Cannabis may help alleviate depression.

Scientific studies present mixed findings. While some research suggests that heavy cannabis use might increase the likelihood of developing depression, other studies indicate that medical cannabis could function as an effective antidepressant.

Numerous recent studies have provided compelling insights into the relationship between cannabis and depression:

• A 2021 observational study found that individuals who used medical cannabis reported reduced symptoms of depression, as well as improvements in pain relief, sleep quality, and overall well-being.
• A 2022 meta-analysis (a study that reviews multiple studies) suggested that, while more research is required, cannabinoids might serve as a viable long-term treatment for stress-related mental health conditions, including depression.

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Understanding Cannabis Strains and Their Role in Treating Depression

Before examining the potential risks of medical cannabis for depression, it is essential to understand the plant’s key components—THC, CBD, and terpenes—and their respective effects on mental health.

This knowledge is crucial, as medical cannabis prescriptions are customised to suit individual health requirements by adjusting the levels of THC, CBD, and terpenes to optimise therapeutic benefits.

THC and Depression

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive component in cannabis. It interacts with cannabinoid receptors in the brain and nervous system, stimulating the release of dopamine and serotonin, two neurotransmitters closely linked to mood regulation.

This is particularly relevant in the context of depression, as THC’s mechanism of action is similar to that of SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)—a class of antidepressants frequently prescribed in the UK.

A recent clinical trial demonstrated promising results regarding THC’s ability to enhance mood and reduce anxiety.

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CBD and Depression

Cannabidiol (CBD) is the second most prevalent compound in cannabis but does not produce a psychoactive effect, meaning it does not cause a “high.”

Despite this, CBD has been shown to offer notable benefits in treating depression:

• A 2021 clinical trial found that CBD exhibited significant antidepressant effects, even outperforming traditional SSRIs in some cases.
• Additionally, research suggests that CBD can help improve sleep quality, which is a common issue among those experiencing depression.

The Role of Terpenes in Depression Relief

Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in cannabis that influence flavour, scent, and therapeutic effects. Some terpenes have properties that may specifically aid depression relief.

Here are some key terpenes used in medical cannabis prescriptions:

• Limonene – Found in citrus fruits, it is known for its mood-boosting and stress-relieving properties.
• Linalool – Commonly found in lavender, this terpene has calming effects that can reduce anxiety and improve sleep.
• Myrcene – Present in hops, thyme, and lemongrass, it has sedative effects that promote relaxation.
• Pinene – Found in pine needles, it helps improve focus and mental clarity, counteracting the brain fog associated with depression.

By considering these elements, medical cannabis prescriptions can be fine-tuned to target specific symptoms:

• A person seeking mood enhancement may benefit from a strain rich in limonene and THC.
• Someone experiencing anxiety and sleep disturbances might find relief in a strain high in CBD and linalool.

Benefits of Medical Cannabis for Depression

Individuals who use medical cannabis for depression have reported improvements in various areas, including:

• Enhanced mood
• Reduced anxiety and stress
• Improved sleep patterns
• Greater enjoyment of life
• Increased self-esteem
• Renewed interest in daily activities
• Reduced physical aches and pains
• Boosted sex drive and appetite
• Greater sociability

Related: 8 guaranteed ways to enhance your high!

Potential Risks and Considerations

Despite the promising research, there are concerns that cannabis use may contribute to depression. However, much of the evidence suggests that individuals already struggling with depression may be more likely to self-medicate with cannabis, rather than cannabis being a direct cause.

Furthermore, while research suggests THC and CBD can alleviate anxiety, some studies indicate that high concentrations of THC may exacerbate it in certain individuals.

For this reason, it is essential to work with a medical professional to ensure the appropriate strain and dosage are selected for individual needs.

Conclusion

• Depression affects 3% of the UK population, increasing to 8% when combined with anxiety.
• Seeking early treatment is crucial, as depression presents a wide range of symptoms.
• Both THC and CBD-dominant cannabis strains offer potential therapeutic benefits for depression.
• Many individuals find that medical cannabis alleviates low mood, anxiety, sleep disturbances, appetite loss, and social withdrawal.
• As with any treatment, it is important to discuss possible side effects with a doctor to ensure the best possible outcome.

 

Disclaimer: The information provided on this page is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before using any THC product.